When setting up or maintaining your trailer’s braking system, having the right electric trailer brake wiring kit is crucial for ensuring reliable and safe operation. Whether you’re wiring your trailer from scratch or upgrading an older system, the right kit will simplify the process and help ensure that everything functions correctly when you’re towing. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about choosing and installing an electric trailer brake wiring kit, from the components included to step-by-step installation tips.
Why You Need an Electric Trailer Brake Wiring Kit
If your trailer has electric brakes, proper wiring is essential for transferring power from the tow vehicle’s brake controller to the brake magnets on the trailer. An electric trailer brake wiring kit contains all the necessary wires, connectors, and accessories to set up or replace your trailer’s wiring system. Without proper wiring, your trailer brakes may not function properly, putting your safety at risk during towing.
A typical electric trailer brake wiring kit ensures that:
- The brake controller in your tow vehicle communicates effectively with your trailer’s brakes.
- All lights and auxiliary systems, such as running lights and reverse lights, function correctly.
- The trailer’s brakes are powered and responsive, reducing stopping distances and preventing accidents.
Components of an Electric Trailer Brake Wiring Kit
An electric trailer brake wiring kit usually includes several key components, each serving an important role in the overall function of the system. Here’s a breakdown of the common components you can expect to find in a high-quality wiring kit:
- Wiring Harness
The wiring harness is the backbone of the kit, providing the necessary connections between the tow vehicle and the trailer. The harness typically includes color-coded wires for easy installation and can range in length depending on the size of your trailer. - 7 Pin Connector
Most electric trailer brake systems use a 7 pin connector, which provides seven different electrical functions, including brake control, turn signals, running lights, and auxiliary power. The 7 pin connector is attached to both the trailer and the tow vehicle to allow for seamless communication between the two. - Breakaway Switch
The breakaway switch is an important safety feature that activates the trailer’s brakes if it becomes disconnected from the tow vehicle. This switch is powered by a small battery located on the trailer, and the wiring kit will typically include the necessary wiring to connect the switch. - Circuit Breakers and Fuses
To protect your wiring system from short circuits or power surges, most wiring kits include circuit breakers or fuses. These components ensure that the system operates safely and reliably by preventing damage to the wiring or brake controller. - Crimp Connectors and Heat Shrink Tubing
Wiring kits usually come with crimp connectors or solderless terminals to securely connect the wires. Heat shrink tubing is also provided to protect the connections from moisture and corrosion, extending the lifespan of the wiring system. - Mounting Hardware
Some wiring kits include mounting brackets and hardware to secure the 7 pin connector to the trailer or tow vehicle. Proper mounting ensures that the connector stays in place during towing and is easily accessible for connecting or disconnecting the trailer.
How to Choose the Right Electric Trailer Brake Wiring Kit
When choosing an electric trailer brake wiring kit, there are several factors to consider to ensure compatibility with your trailer and tow vehicle. Here are some tips to help you choose the best kit for your needs:
- Vehicle and Trailer Compatibility
Before purchasing a wiring kit, make sure that it’s compatible with your tow vehicle and trailer. Check the manufacturer’s specifications to ensure that the kit is suitable for your vehicle’s make, model, and year. The wiring harness should also be the correct length for your trailer. - Wiring Gauge
The gauge of the wiring is an important consideration when choosing a kit. Thicker wires (lower gauge numbers) can handle more electrical current and are typically more durable. For electric trailer brakes, 12-gauge or 10-gauge wiring is recommended for the brake circuit, while thinner wires (such as 14 or 16-gauge) can be used for lighting and auxiliary functions. - Weather Resistance
Look for wiring kits that are designed to withstand the elements. Kits with weather-resistant materials, such as waterproof connectors and corrosion-resistant wiring, will last longer and perform better in harsh conditions like rain, snow, or salty environments. - Complete Kit
Ensure that the wiring kit includes all the necessary components for a complete installation. A complete kit will save you time and effort by providing everything you need in one package, from the wiring harness to connectors, circuit breakers, and mounting hardware. - Ease of Installation
Some wiring kits are easier to install than others, depending on the complexity of the system and the quality of the instructions provided. If you’re a beginner, look for kits that come with clear, detailed instructions and color-coded wiring to simplify the installation process.
Installing an Electric Trailer Brake Wiring Kit: Step-by-Step Guide
Installing an electric trailer brake wiring kit can be a straightforward process if you follow the proper steps. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the installation process:
Step 1: Gather Tools and Materials
Before you begin, gather all the necessary tools and materials, including:
- Electric trailer brake wiring kit
- Wire strippers and crimpers
- Electrical tape or heat shrink tubing
- Multimeter (for testing continuity and voltage)
- Drill and mounting hardware (if required)
Step 2: Disconnect the Trailer from the Tow Vehicle
Ensure that the trailer is disconnected from the tow vehicle before starting the wiring installation. This will prevent any electrical shorts or damage to the vehicle’s electrical system.
Step 3: Route the Wiring Harness
Route the wiring harness from the trailer connector to the various components of the trailer, including the brake magnets, lights, and auxiliary systems. Use zip ties or clamps to secure the wiring along the trailer’s frame, keeping it away from moving parts, sharp edges, and areas where it could be exposed to road debris.
Step 4: Connect the Wires
Using crimp connectors or solderless terminals, connect the wires from the wiring harness to the corresponding components on the trailer. Make sure to match the wire colors correctly (e.g., blue for brakes, white for ground, brown for running lights).
Step 5: Install the Breakaway Switch
Install the breakaway switch on the trailer’s frame, near the hitch. Connect the wiring from the breakaway switch to the trailer’s brake circuit and battery. Ensure that the switch is positioned so that the pull pin will be activated if the trailer becomes disconnected from the tow vehicle.
Step 6: Test the System
Once all the connections are made, use a multimeter to test the system for continuity and voltage. Test each function (brakes, lights, auxiliary power) by connecting the trailer to the tow vehicle and applying the appropriate controls.
Step 7: Secure the 7 Pin Connector
Mount the 7 pin connector securely to the trailer using the provided hardware. Make sure the connector is easily accessible and that the wiring is protected from the elements.
Step 8: Final Inspection
Perform a final inspection of the wiring system to ensure that all connections are secure, the wiring is properly routed and protected, and that all functions are working correctly.
Troubleshooting Common Wiring Kit Issues
Even with careful installation, wiring issues can occasionally arise. Here are some common problems and how to troubleshoot them:
- No Brake Power: If the trailer brakes aren’t receiving power, check the blue wire for continuity and ensure that the brake controller is functioning correctly. Inspect the wiring for any loose or damaged connections.
- Lights Not Working: If the lights on the trailer aren’t functioning, check the corresponding wires (brown, yellow, or green) for loose connections. Also, check the fuses or circuit breakers to ensure they haven’t blown.
- Brake Lockup: If the trailer brakes lock up unexpectedly, the issue could be related to the brake controller settings or a wiring short. Inspect the wiring for any pinched or damaged areas that could be causing a short circuit.
- Auxiliary Power Failure: If the auxiliary power system isn’t working, check the red or black power wire for continuity and ensure that the 12V power supply is functioning correctly.
Conclusion
Choosing the right electric trailer brake wiring kit is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of your trailer’s braking system. With the right kit and proper installation, you can enjoy smooth, controlled braking while towing and prevent accidents caused by brake failure. By following the tips and installation guide provided in this article, you’ll be well on your way to setting up a reliable wiring system for your trailer.
Whether you’re wiring a new trailer or upgrading an existing one, investing in a high-quality electric trailer brake wiring kit will pay off in safety and peace of mind.