Keeping your trailer’s electric brakes in top condition is crucial for safe towing, and knowing how to change electric trailer brakes can save you both time and money. Over time, electric trailer brakes wear out due to friction and need to be replaced. Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or tackling this job for the first time, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of changing your trailer brakes with ease and confidence.
Why You Might Need to Change Electric Trailer Brakes
Electric trailer brakes are an essential part of your towing setup, providing the stopping power necessary for heavier trailers. If your brakes are worn out or malfunctioning, you’ll notice decreased braking performance, longer stopping distances, and potentially hazardous driving conditions. Signs that your trailer brakes may need to be changed include:
- Reduced braking power
- Grinding or squeaking noises
- Overheating brakes
- Brake pedal feels soft or spongy
- Visible wear or damage to brake components
Changing your trailer’s electric brakes not only restores braking performance but also extends the life of your trailer and tow vehicle by reducing the strain on their braking systems.
Tools and Materials You’ll Need
Before you start, make sure you have the following tools and materials on hand:
- Replacement brake assemblies or brake shoes
- Socket wrench set
- Jack and jack stands
- Torque wrench
- Flathead screwdriver
- Pliers
- Wire strippers and connectors (if needed)
- Safety gloves and goggles
- Anti-seize lubricant (optional)
Step 1: Preparing the Trailer for Brake Replacement
1. Park the Trailer Safely:
Begin by parking your trailer on a flat, level surface. Use wheel chocks to prevent the trailer from rolling while you work. Disconnect the trailer from the tow vehicle for safety.
2. Lift the Trailer:
Using a jack, lift the trailer until the wheels are off the ground. Place jack stands under the frame for stability, ensuring the trailer is securely supported before you begin working. Never rely solely on the jack to support the weight of the trailer.
Step 2: Removing the Old Brakes
1. Remove the Wheels:
Use a lug wrench to remove the lug nuts from the wheel you are working on, then carefully remove the wheel to access the brake assembly.
2. Access the Brake Assembly:
Once the wheel is removed, you’ll have access to the brake assembly. Depending on your trailer’s setup, you may need to remove a dust cap, cotter pin, or spindle nut to expose the brake hub and drum.
3. Remove the Brake Drum:
Gently pull the brake drum off the hub. If the drum is stuck, tap it lightly with a hammer to loosen it. Be careful not to damage the hub or other components during removal.
4. Disconnect the Wiring:
Your electric trailer brakes are connected to the trailer’s wiring system. Locate the brake wires (typically two wires) and disconnect them from the wiring harness. Make sure to note which wire connects to the ground and which connects to the brake controller.
5. Remove the Old Brake Assembly:
With the brake drum removed, you’ll see the brake shoes, magnets, and springs. Use a socket wrench to remove the bolts securing the brake backing plate to the axle flange. Once the bolts are removed, the entire brake assembly can be pulled off the spindle.
Step 3: Installing the New Brake Assembly
1. Install the New Brake Assembly:
Position the new brake assembly on the axle flange, aligning it with the bolt holes. Secure the assembly using the bolts you removed earlier, tightening them with a socket wrench. Make sure the brake shoes are facing the correct direction, with the primary shoe positioned toward the front of the trailer.
2. Connect the Wiring:
Reconnect the brake wiring, ensuring that the ground wire is securely attached to a clean metal surface on the trailer frame. Strip the ends of the wires if necessary, and use wire connectors or crimp connectors to make secure electrical connections.
3. Install the Brake Drum:
Slide the brake drum back onto the spindle, making sure it fits snugly over the brake shoes. If the drum is difficult to install, adjust the brake shoes using the star wheel adjuster until the drum slides on smoothly.
Step 4: Testing the New Brakes
1. Adjust the Brakes:
Before putting the wheels back on, adjust the brake shoes so that they lightly contact the inside of the brake drum. You can adjust the shoes by turning the star wheel adjuster with a flathead screwdriver until the drum spins freely but with slight resistance.
2. Reinstall the Wheels:
Reinstall the wheels onto the hub, and tighten the lug nuts by hand. Lower the trailer from the jack stands and finish tightening the lug nuts using a torque wrench. Make sure to tighten the nuts in a star pattern to ensure even pressure on the wheel.
3. Test the Brakes:
Once the trailer is back on the ground, reconnect it to the tow vehicle. Test the brakes by applying the brake pedal in the vehicle and observing how the trailer responds. The brakes should engage smoothly without any grinding or squealing noises. You can also perform a “pull test” by manually applying the brakes using the brake controller and attempting to pull the trailer forward slightly.
Maintenance Tips for Electric Trailer Brakes
Now that your new brakes are installed, here are a few maintenance tips to keep them in good condition:
- Inspect the brakes regularly: Check the brake shoes, magnets, and wiring for wear or damage at least once a year or before long trips.
- Clean brake components: Dirt and debris can accumulate inside the brake drums, reducing performance. Clean the brake components regularly to ensure smooth operation.
- Adjust the brakes as needed: Over time, the brake shoes will wear down and require adjustment. Regularly check the shoe adjustment to maintain optimal braking performance.
- Replace worn parts promptly: If you notice any signs of wear or damage during inspections, replace the affected parts promptly to prevent further damage to the braking system.
Common Problems When Changing Electric Trailer Brakes
Even with careful installation, you may encounter some common issues when changing electric trailer brakes. Here are a few troubleshooting tips:
- Brakes Not Engaging: If the trailer brakes aren’t engaging after installation, check the wiring connections to ensure that the brakes are receiving power. You may also need to adjust the brake controller settings.
- Uneven Braking: If one side of the trailer brakes harder than the other, inspect the brake shoes and adjust them to ensure even contact with the brake drums. Uneven wiring connections can also cause this issue.
- Brake Noise: Grinding, squealing, or other unusual noises may indicate that the brake shoes are misaligned or that the drum is not installed correctly. Recheck the installation and make any necessary adjustments.
Conclusion
Changing your electric trailer brakes is an essential part of trailer maintenance and safety. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can ensure that your trailer’s brakes are working correctly and providing the stopping power you need when towing. Regular maintenance, including brake inspections and adjustments, will help extend the life of your braking system and keep you and your cargo safe on the road.
With the right tools and a bit of patience, replacing electric trailer brakes can be a manageable DIY project that saves you money and ensures your trailer is always ready for the next adventure.